NHRC flags 24- to 72-hour shifts for medical residents; seeks reports from NMC and health ministry

In its response, the National Medical Commission said it follows a framework of 'reasonable working hours' under the 2023 Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations, allowing flexibility for institutions while placing implementation responsibility on colleges and state authorities.

The issue is also under consideration of the Supreme Court, which is hearing a petition filed by the United Doctors Front seeking enforcement of the 1992 Uniform Central Residency Scheme.

Taking cognisance of the July 2025 complaint, NHRC said the allegations point to serious violations of human rights and issued notices to the National Medical Commission and the Union health ministry, seeking a detailed report within two weeks, and ordered an inquiry. The representation cites RTI responses and institutional records claiming duty norms are regularly violated across departments, with annexed schedules showing extended shifts beyond prescribed limits.

Dr Lakshya Mittal of United Doctors Front filed a complaint with NHRC in July 2025 alleging that postgraduate medical residents are subjected to continuous duty hours of 24 to 36 hours, often extending to 72 hours, including persons with disabilities. The representation claims widespread non-compliance with the Uniform Central Residency Scheme, 1992 (capping at 48 hours per week with weekly offs) and the Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2023 (mandating reasonable working hours and rest). It also asserts that PwD residents face worse conditions due to lack of accommodation, infrastructure, and ineffective grievance systems. The petition seeks strict enforcement and the creation of an independent monitoring mechanism.